Fluoridation reviews and journal articles

• Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Chrisopoulos S, Harford JE & Ellershaw A, “Oral health and dental care in Australia: key facts and figures 2015” (external site), Cat. no. DEN 229. Canberra: AIHW, 2016.
• “Bridging the Dental Gap – Report on the inquiry into adult dental services” (external site), House of Representatives Standing Committee on Health and Ageing, June 2013, Canberra.
• Do L G, Spencer A J (Editors), “Oral health of Australian children: the National Child Oral Health Study 2012–14” (external site), 2016, Adelaide: University of Adelaide Press.
• Education And Health Standing Committee “Oral health: facts and friction” (external site), Parliament of Western Australia, Perth, June 2018, ISBN: 978-1-925724-16-5,
• “Fluoride Consensus Workshop 2012 to review Fluoride Guidelines from 2005” (external site), Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health School of Dentistry, 2013, Adelaide.
• Foley M, “Fluoride and hip fractures: A Short Review” (external site), Australian Dental Journal, Nov 2013, pp.21-22.
• Foley M, “Fluoride and osteosarcoma: A Bone of Contention” (external site), Australian Dental Journal, Mar 2014, pp.18-19.
• Ha DH, Amarasena N & Crocombe L 2013. “The dental health of Australia’s children by remoteness: Child Dental Health Survey Australia 2009” (external site)(Dental statistics and research series no. 63.
• “Healthy Mouths Healthy Lives - Australia’s National Oral Health Plan 2015-2024” (external site), prepared by the Oral Health Monitoring Group, a sub-committee of the Community Care and Population Health Principal Committee which reports through the Australian Health Ministers’ Advisory Council to the COAG Health Council, 2015.
• Jack, B., Ayson, M., Lewis, S., Irving, A., Agresta, B., Ko, H., Stoklosa, A. 2016, “Health Effects of Water Fluoridation: Evidence Evaluation Report” (external site), Report to the National Health and Medical Research Council, Canberra.
• Jack, B., Ayson, M., Lewis, S., Irving, A., Agresta, B., Ko, H., Stoklosa, A. 2016, “Health Effects of Water Fluoridation: Technical Report” (external site), Report to the National Health and Medical Research Council, Canberra.
• Kidney Health Australia, “Fluoride Position Statement: 2018 Review” (external site), 2018.
• National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) 2017, “Information paper – Water fluoridation: dental and other human health outcomes” (external site), report prepared by the Clinical Trials Centre at University of Sydney, NHMRC; Canberra.
• “The Royal Australasian College of Physicians Oral Health in Children and Young People Position Statement” (external site), RACP, August 2013.

• "Fluoridation: an update on evidence” (external site), Office of the Prime Minister’s Chief Science Advisor, Kaitohutohu Mātanga Pūtaiao Matua ki te Pirimia, New Zealand, 2021. 
• Royal Society of New Zealand, “Health effects of water fluoridation: A review of the scientific evidence. A report on behalf of the Royal Society of New Zealand and the Office of the Prime Minister’s Chief Science Advisor” (external site), August 2014.
• “Community Water Fluoridation and Osteosarcoma – Evidence from Cancer Registries” (external site), New Zealand National Fluoridation Information Service Review, May 2013.
• “NFIS Advisory A review of recent literature on potential effects of CWF programmes on neurological development and IQ attainment” (external site), New Zealand National Fluoridation Information Service Review, May 2013. 
• “Fluoride Neurotoxicity: Review of evidence from drinking water studies” (external site), New Zealand National Fluoridation Information Service Review, June 2011. 
• “Review of Scientific Papers Relating to Water Fluoridation published between January 2000 and July 2010” (external site), New Zealand National Fluoridation Information Service Review, Feb 2011.
• Bates M, “Fluoridation of water supplies – an evaluation of the recent epidemiological evidence” (external site), New Zealand Ministry of Health, 2000.

Biannual updates

• “Review of Scientific Papers Relating to Water Fluoridation published between January and November 2010” (external site), New Zealand National Fluoridation Information Service Review, October 2011.
• “Review of Scientific Papers Relating to Water Fluoridation published between December 2010 and August 2011” (external site), New Zealand National Fluoridation Information Service Review, May 2012.
• “Review of Scientific Papers Relating to Water Fluoridation published between September 2011 and January 2012” (external site), New Zealand National Fluoridation Information Service Review, Jan 2013.
• “Review of Scientific Papers Relating to Water Fluoridation published between February and July 2012” (external site), New Zealand National Fluoridation Information Service Review, May 2013.
• “Review of Scientific Papers Relating to Water Fluoridation published between August and December 2012” (external site), New Zealand National Fluoridation Information Service Review, October 2013.
•  “Review of Scientific Papers Relating to Water Fluoridation published between January and June 2013” (external site), New Zealand National Fluoridation Information Service Review, February 2014.

• Allukian M, Jr., Carter-Pokras O D, Gooch B F, Horowitz A M, Iida H, Jacob M, Kleinman D V, Kumar J, Maas W R, Pollick H, Rozier R G, “Science, politics, and communication: The Case of Community Water Fluoridation in the US” (external site), Ann Epidemiol. S1047-2797(1016) 30568-30563,
• American Association for Dental Research (Division of International Association for Dental Research), Policy Statement “Community Water Fluoridation” (external site), 2018
• American Dental Association, “Comments on a Study Published in Environmental Health Perspectives Prenatal Fluoride Exposure and Cognitive Outcomes in Children at 4 and 6-12 Years of Age in Mexico” (external site), November 2017
• Cornwell D A, McTigue N E, and Hayes S, “State of the Science: Community Water Fluoridation” (external site), Web Report #4641, Water Research foundation (USA), 2015.
• Elwell K R, Easlick K A, “Classification and Appraisal of Objections to Fluoridation” (external site) (The University of Michigan, 1960, Ann Arbor Michigan).
• “Fluoridated Water Fact Sheet”(external site), National Cancer Institute, 2012.
• “Fluoridation in Ireland - The dental profession looks back over 50 years” (external site) Journal of the Irish Dental Association, 2012.
• “Fluoride: Dose-Response Analysis For Non-cancer Effects” (external site), Health and Ecological Criteria Division Office of Water December, 2010 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C, 820-R-10-019.
• Iheozor-Ejiofor Z, Worthington H V, Walsh T, O’Malley L, Clarkson J E, Macey R, Alam R, Tugwell P, Welch V, Glenny A M, “Water fluoridation for the prevention of dental caries” (external site). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2015, Issue 6. Art.No: CD010856, September 2015 update.
• National Research Council, “Fluoride in Drinking Water: A Scientific Review of EPA's Standards” (external site), Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2006.
• Parnell C, Whelton H, O’Mullane D, “Water Fluoridation” (external site), Oral Health Services Research Centre, University Dental School, Cork, Ireland, Eur Archs Paediatr Dent 2009;10(3):141-148.
• Perrott K W, “Fluoridation and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder – a critique of Malin and Till (2015)”, British Dental Journal" (external site), 2017
• Petersen P E, Ogawa H, “Editorial - Prevention of dental caries through the use of fluoride – the WHO approach” (external site), Community Dental Health (2016) 33, 66–68.
• “Position Statement from the Irish Expert Body on Fluorides and Health regarding Water Fluoridation in the Republic of Ireland” (external site), The Irish Expert Body on Fluorides and Health, 2012, as well as related documents.
• Rugg-Gunn A J, Do L, “Effectiveness of water fluoridation in caries prevention” (external site), Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 40 Suppl 42: 55-64, 2012 PMID 22998306
• Rugg-Gunn A J et al, “Critique of the review of ‘Water fluoridation for the prevention of dental caries’ published by the Cochrane Collaboration in 2015” (external site), British Dental Journal Vol 220 No. 7, April 2016.
• Scientific Committee on Health and Environmental Risks (SCHER), "Opinion on critical review of any new evidence on the hazard profile, health effects, and human exposure to fluoride and the  fluoridating agents of drinking water" (external site), May 2011.
• "Statement on water fluoridation from the UK Chief Medical Officers” (external site), September 2021
• Sutton M, Kiersey R, Farragher L, Long J, “Health Effects Of Water Fluoridation An evidence review 2015” (external site), Health Research Board, Ireland, 2015.
• Tiemann, M. “Fluoride in Drinking Water: A Review of Fluoridation and Regulation Issues” (external site), Congressional Research Service, 2013.
• U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Toxicology Program, "Fluoride: Potential Developmental Neurotoxicity" (external site), Topic under evaluation, 2015-2020
• “Water fluoridation - Health monitoring report for England 2014” (external site), London UK, 2014.

• Abraham R, “Smile wide with pride - outcomes of an oral health promotion project among Aboriginal opiate treatment program clients” (external site), 2014, Australian Indigenous Health Bulletin 14 (3).
• Al-Bloushi NS, Trolio R, Kruger E, Tennant M, “High resolution mapping of reticulated water fluoride in Western Australia: opportunities to improve oral health” (external site), Australian Dental Journal, 2102; 57.
• Arjunan K C, “Economic Evaluation of Fluoridation of Water Supply to Prevent Dental Caries In Remote Communities in Australia” (external site), Paper presented in a Seminar held at the Menzies School of Health Research, Australia, May 2017.
• Armfield J A, “Public water fluoridation and dental health in New South Wales” (external site), Australian And New Zealand Journal Of Public Health, 2005 Vol. 29-5. pp.477-483.
• Armfield J A, Akers H F, “Risk perception and water fluoridation support and opposition in Australia” (external site), Journal of Public Health Dentistry 70 (2010) 58–66
• Armfield J M, “Community Effectiveness of Public Water Fluoridation in Reducing Children’s Dental Disease” (external site) (Australia and New Zealand Health Policy, 2007.
• Armfield J M, “When public action undermines public health: a critical examination of antifluoridationist literature” (external site) (Australia and New Zealand Health Policy, 2010.
• Armfield, J, Spencer, A, Roberts-Thomson, K, Plastow, K, “Water Fluoridation and the Association of Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption and Dental Caries in Australian Children” (external site), American Journal of Public Health, 2013.
• Arrow P, “Prevalence of developmental enamel defects of the first permanent molars among school children in Western Australia” (external site), Australian Dental Journal 2008; 53: 250–259.
• Arrow P, “Oral health of schoolchildren in Western Australia” (external site), Australian Dental Journal 2016; 61: 333–341.
• Blinkhorn A S, Byun R, Johnson G, Metha P, Kay M, Lewis P, “The Dental Health of primary school children living in fluoridated, pre-fluoridated and non-fluoridated communities in New South Wales, Australia” (external site), BMC Oral Health 2015, 15:9.
• Campain A C et al, “The impact of changing dental needs on cost savings from fluoridation” (external site), Australian Dental Journal 2010; 55: 37–44
• Cobiac, Linda J. and Vos, Theo, “Cost-effectiveness of extending the coverage of water supply fluoridation for the prevention of dental caries in Australia” (external site), Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 2012.
• Crocombe L, Brennan D, Slade G, Stewart J, Spencer A, “The effect of lifetime fluoridation exposure on dental caries experience of younger rural adults” (external site), Aust Dent J. 2014 PMID 25329426
• Crouchley, K. & Trevithick, R. (2016), “Dental Health Outcomes of Children Residing in Fluoridated and Non-Fluoridated Areas in Western Australia”, Department of Health, Western Australia, 2016. 
• Desai P, Kruger E, Trolio R, Tennant M, “Western Australian schools access to dentally optimal fluoridated water” (external site), Australian Dental Journal 2015; 60: 112–118.
• Do L G, Spencer A J, “Contemporary multilevel analysis of the effectiveness of water fluoridation in Australia” (external site), Aust NZ J Public Health, 2015.
• Do, L G, Spencer, A J. “Decline in the prevalence of dental fluorosis among South Australian children” (external site), Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 2007, Vols. 35: 282-91.
• Do L et al, “Effectiveness of water fluoridation in the prevention of dental caries across adult age groups” (external site), Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2017.
• Do L, Ha D, Peres M, Skinner J, Byun R, and Spencer AJ. “Effectiveness of water fluoridation in the prevention of dental caries across adult age groups” (external site). Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2017;00:1-8.
• Evans RW, Hsiau ACY, Dennison PJ, Patterson A, Jalaludin B, “Water fluoridation in the Blue Mountains reduces risk of tooth decay” (external site), Australian Dental Journal 2009; 54; 368-373.
• Hopcraft M S, Yapp K E, Mahoney G, Morgan M V, “Dental caries experience in young Australian Army recruits 2008” (external site), Aust Dent J. 2009 Dec;54(4):316-22. PMID: 20415929.
• Johnson N, Lalloo R, Kroon J, Fernando S, Tut O, “Effectiveness of water fluoridation in caries reduction in a remote Indigenous community in Far North Queensland” (external site), Aust Dent J. 2014 May 12.
• Koh R, Pukallus M L, Newman B, Foley M, Walsh L J, Seow Water K, “Effects of Water Fluoridation on Caries Experience in the Primary Dentition in a High Caries Risk Community in Queensland, Australia” (external site), Caries Res 2015;49:184–191.
• Lalloo R, Jamieson, L M, Diep Ha, Ellershaw A, Luzzi L, “Does fluoride in the water close the dental caries gap between Indigenous and non-Indigenous children?”, Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, School of Dentistry, University of Adelaide, SA, Australia, 2014.
• Mahoney G, Slade G D, Kitchener S, Barnett A, “Lifetime fluoridation exposure and dental caries experience in a military population” (external site), Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 36:485-492, 2008. PMID 18422709
• Mills K, Falconer S, Cook C, “Fluoride in still bottled water in Australia” (external site), Australian Dental Journal 2010; 55: 411–416
• Mummery W K, Duncan M, Kift R, “Socio-economic differences in public opinion regarding water fluoridation in Queensland” (external site), Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 2007, vol 31
• Slade G D Sanders A E, Do L, Roberts-Thomson K, Spencer A J “Effects of Fluoridated Drinking Water on Dental Caries in Australian Adults” (external site), J Dent Res April 2013 92: 376-382.
• Spencer A J, Armfield J M, Slade G D, “Exposure to water fluoridation and caries increment” (external site), Community Dent Health. 25:12-22, 2008 PMID 18435229
• Spencer AJ, Do LG, Ha DH, “Contemporary evidence on the effectiveness of water fluoridation in the prevention of childhood caries” (external site), Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2018;00:1–9.
• Spencer A J, Liu P, Armfield J M, Do L G, “Preventive benefit of access to fluoridated water for young adults” (external site), J Public Health Dent. 2017 Jun;77(3):263-271. PMID: 28195340.
• Stockwell A J, Medcalf G W, Rutledge G J, Holman C D, Roberts M, “Dental caries experience in schoolchildren in fluoridated and non-fluoridated communities in Western Australia” (external site), Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1990 Aug;18(4):184-9. PubMed PMID: 2387132.
• Zander A, Sivaneswaran S, Skinner J, Byun R, Jalaludin B, “Risk factors for dental caries in small rural and regional Australian communities” (external site), Rural and Remote Health 13: 2492. (Online) 2013.

• Broadbent J M et al, “Community Water Fluoridation and Intelligence: Prospective Study in New Zealand” (external site), American Journal of Public Health, 2014.
• Fyfe C, Borman B, Scott G, Birks S “A Cost Effectiveness Analysis of Community Water Fluoridation in New Zealand” (external site), Centre For Public Health Research, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand, 2015.
• Kamel M S, Thomson W M, Drummond B K, “Fluoridation and dental caries severity in young children treated under general anaesthesia: an analysis of treatment records in a 10-year case series” (external site), Community Dental Health (2013) 30, 15–18.
• Moore D, Poynton M, “Review of the benefits and costs of water fluoridation in New Zealand” (external site), Ministry of Health New Zealand, September 2015.
• Moore D, Poynton M, Broadbent J M, Murray Thomson W, “The costs and benefits of water fluoridation in NZ”, BMC Oral Health (2017) 17:134, available from:  DOI 10.1186/s12903-017-0433-y 
• Schluter P J, Lee M, “Water fluoridation and ethnic inequities in dental caries profiles of New Zealand children aged 5 and 12–13 years: analysis of national cross-sectional registry databases for the decade 2004–2013” (external site), BMC Oral Health (2016) 16:21
• Shannon F T, Fergusson D M, Horwood L J, “Exposure to fluoridated public water supplies and child health and behaviour” (external site), N Z Med J. 1986 Jun 11;99(803):416-8.

• Archer N P, Napier T S, Villanacci J F, “Fluoride exposure in public drinking water and childhood and adolescent osteosarcoma in Texas” (external site), Cancer Causes Control. 2016 Jul;27(7):863-8.
• Barberio AM, et al. “Fluoride exposure and indicators of thyroid functioning in the Canadian population: implications for community water fluoridation” (external site), J Epidemiol Community Health 2017;0:1–7.
• Barberio AM, et al. “Fluoride exposure and reported learning disability diagnosis among Canadian children: Implications for community water fluoridation” (external site), Can J Public Health 2017;108(3):e229–e239.
• Bashash M et al, “Prenatal Fluoride Exposure and Cognitive Outcomes in Children at 4 and 6–12 Years of Age in Mexico” (external site), Environmental Health Perspectives, 2017
• Blakey et al, “Is fluoride a risk factor for bone cancer? Small area analysis of osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma diagnosed among 0–49-year-olds in Great Britain, 1980–2005” (external site), International Journal of Epidemiology, 2014.
• Cho H J, Jin B H, Park D Y, Jung S H, Lee H S, Paik D I, Bae K H, “Systemic effect of water fluoridation on dental caries prevalence” (external site), Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2014; 42: 341–348.
• Curiel J A, Sanders A E, Christian T L, Lafferty-Hess S, Carsey T M, Lampiris L N, Slade G D, “Fluoridation advocacy in referenda where media coverage is balanced yet biased” (external site), J Am Dent Assoc. 149:273-280 e273, 2018
• Kim et al, “An Assessment of Bone Fluoride and Osteosarcoma” (external site), (Journal of Dental Research 90(10): 1171-1176, 2011.
• Levy, Michael, Leclerc, Bernard-Simon, “Fluoride in drinking water and osteosarcoma incidence rates in the continental United States among children and adolescents”, Cancer Epidemiology, 36 (2012) e83-e88.
• McLaren L et al, “Equity in children’s dental caries before and after cessation of community water fluoridation: differential impact by dental insurance status and geographic material deprivation” (external site), International Journal for Equity in Health (2016) 15:24.
• McLaren L, Patterson S, Thawer S, Faris P, McNeil D, Potestio M L, Shwart L, “Exploring the short-term impact of community water fluoridation cessation on children's dental caries: a natural experiment in Alberta, Canada” (external site), Public Health. 2017 May;146:56-64. PMID: 28404475.
• McLaren L, Patterson S, Thawer S, Faris P, McNeil D, Potestio M, “Fluoridation cessation: More science from Alberta” (external site), Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2017 Dec;45(6):503-505. PMID: 28994455
• McLaren L, Singhal S, “Does cessation of community water fluoridation lead to an increase in tooth decay? A systematic review of published studies” (external site), J Epidemiol Community Health 2016;0:1–7.
• Mertz A, Allukian M JR, “Community Water Fluoridation on the Internet and Social Media” (external site), Journal of the Massachusetts Dental Society – Summer 2014.
• Mohd Nor N A, Chadwick B L, Farnell D J J, Chestnutt I G, “The impact of a reduction in fluoride concentration in the Malaysian water supply on the prevalence of fluorosis and dental caries” (external site), Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2018;46:492–499.
• Murthy V H, MD, MBA “Surgeon General’s Perspectives:  Community Water Fluoridation: One of CDC’s 10 Great Public Health Achievements of the 20th Century” (external site), Public Health Reports July–August 2015 Vol 130.
• Neidell M, Herzog K, Glied S, “The association between community water fluoridation and adult tooth loss” (external site), Am J Public Health. 2010 Oct; 100(10):1980-5. PubMed PMID: 20724674
• Newbrun E, “What we know and do not know about fluoride” (external site), Journal of Public Health Dentistry, 2010
• O’Connell J, Rockell J, Ouellet J, Tomar S L, Maas W. 2016. “Costs And Savings Associated With Community Water Fluoridation In The United States” (external site), Health Affairs. 35(12):2224-2232.
• O’Mullane D M, et al, “Fluoride and Oral Health” (external site), Community Dental Health (2016) 33, 69–99.
• Peres M A, Peres K G, Barbato P R, Höfelmann D A, “Access to Fluoridated Water and Adult Dental Caries: A Natural Experiment” (external site), Journal of Dental Research, 2016.
• Ran T et al, “Economic Evaluation of Community Water Fluoridation A Community Guide Systematic Review” (external site), Am J Prev Med 2016;50(6):790–796.
• Rugg-Gunn A J, Do L, “Effectiveness of water fluoridation in caries prevention” (external site), Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2012; 40 (Suppl. 2): 55–64.
• Seymour B, Getman R, Saraf A, Zhang LH, Kalenderian E, “When advocacy obscures accuracy online: digital pandemics of public health misinformation through an antifluoride case study” (external site), Am J Public Health. 2015 Mar; 105(3): 517-23.
• Slade G D, Grider W B, Maas W R, Sanders A E, “Water Fluoridation and Dental Caries in U.S. Children and Adolescents” (external site), Journal of Dental Research 2018, Vol. 97(10) 1122–1128.
• Whitford G, Review of Sauerheber R. “Physiologic conditions affect toxicity of ingested industrial fluoride. J Environ Public Health. 2013;2013:Article ID 439490” (external site), Center for Fluoride Research Analysis, December 2013.
• Wong E, “The Real Cost of Removing Water Fluoridation: A Health Equity Impact Assessment” (external site), Wellesley Institute, Toronto Canada, 2013.
• Wright J T et al, “Fluoride toothpaste efficacy and safety in children younger than 6 years: a systematic review” (external site), J Am Dent Assoc. 2014 Feb;145(2):182-9. doi: 10.14219/jada.2013.37.
• Zwicker J, Carolyn Dudley C, Emery H, “It’s Not Just About Baby Teeth: Preventing Early Childhood Caries” (external site), University of Calgary School of Public Policy, SPP Briefing Paper, April 2016.