Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Symptoms vary from person to person. A person with ADHD may:

Attention and organisation

• find it hard to maintain focus on tasks or activities
• seem not to listen when spoken to directly
• have trouble following instructions or finishing tasks
• struggle to organise tasks and manage time
• avoid tasks that require sustained mental effort
• frequently lose items such as keys or paperwork
• be easily distracted
• forget daily activities

Impulsivity and behaviour

• act without thinking or interrupt others
• have difficulty waiting their turn (for example, in queues)
• talk excessively
• interrupt or intrude on conversations or activities
• experience impatience

Hyperactivity

• fidget, squirm or find it hard to stay seated
• feel constantly restless or ‘on the go’
• have difficulty playing or doing activities quietly

Other possible signs

• mood changes or emotional ups and downs
• sleep difficulties

There is no single test for ADHD. Diagnosis is made by a qualified health professional based on a comprehensive assessment.

This may include:

• reviewing current behaviour and daily functioning
• in adults, confirming that symptoms were present in childhood
• gathering information from family members, partners, teachers or others
• ruling out other conditions that may cause similar symptoms
• considering whether alcohol or other drug use is affecting behaviour

ADHD  in children may be associated  with

• specific learning and language disorders
• Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
• Emotional, sleep and conduct disorders.

In adults, ADHD may also be present in people with

• Anxiety disorders
• Sleep and mood disorders
• Substance use disorders
• Undiagnosed ASD

Diagnosis of ADHD is therefore never simple, and may require input from a number of clinical experts.

There is no one-size-fits-all approach. Not all patients may require medications. Treatment is tailored to individual needs and may include a combination of strategies.

Common treatment options include:

• Education, learning about ADHD to better understand and manage symptoms.
• Lifestyle changes such as regular exercise, good sleep habits, and reducing alcohol or drug use.
• Medication may be prescribed to help manage symptoms.
• Psychological therapies including behaviour therapy or cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) to build skills such as organisation, emotional regulation and social skills.
• Family or relationship support to help those supporting the person with ADHD.
• Vocational support to assist with success at work or study.
• Support groups to connect with others with similar experiences.

A GP or specialist can help develop a personalised management plan.

Access to ADHD care is expanding in Western Australia.

Appropriately trained general practitioners (GPs) may be able to diagnose, treat and prescribe medication for ADHD in both children and adults.